This research uses a comprehensive normative approach to examine religious freedom through legal norms, religious values, laws, sacred texts and case studies. The research explores concepts in Islam, Christianity, Vedanta and Tripitaka that support social harmony and tolerance. The research aims to build a theological framework of Tri Kerukunan, transforming spiritual values into practices that respect religious freedom. Case studies help understand the dynamics of conflict and challenges faced by religious minorities, identifying patterns of discrimination and structural barriers. Tri Kerukunan, a concept of the Indonesian government, covers three aspects: internal religious harmony, inter-religious harmony, and harmony between religious communities and the government. Tri Kerukunan aims to maintain national unity and create a peaceful environment, although its implementation faces various challenges such as low tolerance and the issue of building permits for minority places of worship. It is hoped that the issue of religious tolerance can be addressed, especially in building permits for minorities, through the three pillars: peace, love and tolerance. Internal religious harmony fosters unity among religious communities, reduces conflict, and increases community contributions. Inter-religious harmony promotes dialog and cooperation to overcome prejudice and achieve equal rights. Inter-religious harmony and government bridge the needs of religious communities with inclusive policies. These pillars aim to create a harmonious environment, support minority rights, and reduce bureaucratic barriers. Tolerance, as key to the Fifth Precept of Pancasila, guarantees equal rights, supports social harmony, and strengthens national solidarity. This concept helps to create a just, prosperous, and harmonious society, by appreciating Indonesia’s diversity.
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