This article explores the intricate dynamics of religious freedom in Indonesia, highlighting the challenges of aligning constitutional protections with societal realities. This article uses a normative legal research methodology to examine the historical evolution, legal framework, and contemporary issues surrounding religious freedom, including the growing recognition of non-religiosity. The findings reveal a stark disparity between the constitutional guarantees of religious freedom and their enforcement, particularly for minority religions and non-believers. Although Indonesia’s constitution and legal system formally uphold religious freedom, societal norms and interpretations of Pancasila often result in discrimination and restrictions on religious expression. The research underscores the need for a more inclusive understanding of religious freedom that incorporates the right to non-belief, aligning with international human rights principles. To address these challenges, it recommends enhancing legal safeguards, eliminating discriminatory policies, and promoting interfaith dialogue to cultivate tolerance and mutual respect. This article contributes to the broader discourse on managing religious diversity within a pluralistic society while maintaining national cohesion. It offers valuable perspectives for policymakers and academics on addressing the ongoing challenges of ensuring religious freedom in Indonesia. It provides a framework for advancing legal and societal approaches to inclusivity.
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